Electronic Components Encyclopedia

Electronic components are components of electronic equipment and machines, usually composed of several parts, which can be used in common among similar products. They are often used in electrical appliances, radios, instruments and other industries, such as capacitors, transistors, hairsprings, springs and other sub-devices.

Electronic components are internationally certified for quality by organizations such as the EU's CE certification, the US's UL certification, Germany's VDE and TUV, and China's CQC certification, to ensure their compliance with standards.

Classification of Electronic Components

1. Components: Products that do not change the molecular composition of raw materials during processing in factories are called components. Components are devices that do not require energy and include resistors, capacitors, inductors, etc. (also known as passive components).

Components are divided into:

1. Circuit components: such as diodes, resistors, etc.

2. Connection components: such as connectors, sockets, connecting cables, printed circuit boards (PCBs), etc.

2. Devices: Products whose molecular structure has been changed during production and processing in factories are called devices.

Devices are divided into:

1. Active electronic components, whose main characteristics are: (1) self-consumption of electrical energy (2) requiring an external power source.

2. Discrete electronic components, such as bipolar transistors, field-effect transistors, thyristors, semiconductor resistors, and capacitors.

Resistors

In a circuit, resistors are represented by "R" followed by a number, such as R1 for resistor number 1. The main function of resistors in a circuit is to divide, limit, bias, or attenuate the voltage.

Capacitors

In a circuit, capacitors are generally represented by "C" followed by a number, such as C13 for capacitor number 13. Capacitors are components composed of two metal films separated by an insulating material. The main characteristic of capacitors is their ability to block direct current and pass alternating current. The capacity of a capacitor represents the amount of electrical energy it can store, and its impedance to AC signals is called capacitance, which is related to the frequency and capacitance of the AC signal.

Diodes

In a circuit, diodes are commonly represented by "D" followed by a number, such as D5 for diode number 5. The main characteristic of a diode is its unidirectional conductivity, which means that under the action of forward voltage, the conduction resistance is very small, while under the action of reverse voltage, the conduction resistance is extremely large or infinite. Because of these characteristics, diodes are commonly used in rectification, isolation, voltage stabilization, polarity protection, encoding control, frequency modulation, and noise reduction circuits in cordless telephones.

Inductors

Electronic components such as inductors are not widely used in electronic production, but they are equally important in circuits. Like capacitors, we consider inductors to be energy storage devices that can convert electrical energy into magnetic field energy and store energy in a magnetic field. Inductors are represented by the symbol L, and their basic unit is the henry (H), which is commonly used in millihenries (mH). They often work with capacitors to form LC filters, LC oscillators, and so on. In addition, people use the characteristics of inductors to make inductors, transformers, relays, and so on.

Integrated Circuits

Integrated circuits are devices that use special processes to integrate components such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors on a silicon wafer to form a device with a certain function. The English abbreviation for integrated circuits is IC, also known as a chip. Analog integrated circuits are circuits composed of components such as capacitors, resistors, and transistors integrated together to process analog signals. There are many analog integrated circuits, such as integrated operational amplifiers, comparators, logarithmic and exponential amplifiers, analog multipliers (dividers), phase-locked loops, power management chips, and so on.

The main circuits of analog integrated circuits include amplifiers, filters, feedback circuits, reference source circuits, and switch capacitor circuits. Analog integrated circuit design is mainly achieved by manual circuit debugging by experienced designers, while digital integrated circuit design is mostly achieved by using hardware description language under the control of EDA software.

Digital integrated circuits are digital logic circuits or systems that integrate components and wiring on the same semiconductor chip. Depending on the number of gate circuits or components included in the digital integrated circuit, it can be divided into small-scale integration (SSI) circuits, medium-scale integration (MSI) circuits, large-scale integration (LSI) circuits, very large-scale integration (VLSI) circuits, and ultra-large-scale integration (ULSI) circuits.

Small-scale integrated circuits contain fewer than 10 gate circuits or fewer than 100 components; medium-scale integrated circuits contain between 10 and 100 gate circuits or between 100 and 1,000 components; large-scale integrated circuits contain more than 100 gate circuits or between 10 and 10,000 components; very large-scale integrated circuits contain more than 10,000 gate circuits or between 10 and 10 components; ultra-large-scale integrated circuits contain more than 10,000 components. They include basic logic gates, triggers, registers, decoders, drivers, counters, shaping circuits, programmable logic devices, microprocessors, single-chip microcomputers, DSPs, and so on.

The above is the Encyclopedia of Electronic Components_Electronic Component Classification, which I hope will be helpful to everyone.